乳腺癌改良根治术后皮下积液的预防措施

目的 探讨乳腺癌术后皮下积液的防治方法。方法 回顾北京友谊医院普外科2002年1月～2004年12月收治的女性乳腺癌患者312例。比较皮下引流管接持续高负压吸引组（A组）与持续低负压引流组（B组），乳腺癌改良根治术后皮下积液的发生率。结果 A组160例患者拔管前合计引流量220～350ml，平均270ml。35例发生皮下积液，积液发生率为21．8％。同时伴皮瓣坏死5例。B组152例患者拔管前合计引流量160～250ml，平均180ml。17例发生皮下积液，积液发生率为11．2％。皮瓣坏死3例。B组与A组比较皮下积液发生率有显著性差异（P=0．011）。结论 乳腺癌改良根治术后引流管接持续低负压吸引有助于减少皮下积液的发生率。     

神经干细胞移植延缓失神经肌萎的作用机制

Objective To study the effect and mechanism of transplanting spinal fetal neural stem cells (NSCs) into the peripheral nerve for delaying muscle denervation atrophy. Methods Spinal. fetal NSCs were separated from spinal cord of enceinte 10 to 12 days SD rats, cultured and purified. After three passages, the formed NSC spheres were blew into single cell suspension ( 106/μl×5 μl) and transplanted into the distal part of the transected tibial nerve. 5 μl of cell culture medium was injected into the distal tibial nerve in the control group. Three and 5 months after the transplantation, the distal part of the tibial nerve and the triceps suraes were harvested and identified with specific markers, by means of indirect immunofluorescent staining to evaluate survival and differentiation of transplanted NSCs in the nerve, and to observe the neuromuscular junctions.Results Compare to the control group, atrophy of the triceps suraes muscle was less severe 3 and 5 months after NSCs transplantation. Postsynaptic membrane was also better preserved in NSCs transplanted group. Five months after NSCs transplantation, new synapses (neuromuscular junction) formed in the denervated muscle.Conclusion NSCs transplantation can delay atrophy denervated muscles. NSCs transplantation can not only maintain the structure of postsynaptic membrane, but also form new synapse with the denervated muscle.     

原发性胃癌中MRE11基因的突变筛查

目的:研究染色体不稳定性相关基因MRE11(meiotic recombination 11 homolog A)突变与原发性胃癌的相关性。方法:收集27例原发性胃癌病人的胃癌组织和对应的正常胃黏膜组织,并通过显微切割方法从胃癌组织中获取较纯胃癌细胞。设计扩增MRE11基因外显子的引物共20对,采用PCR产物直接测序方法在胃癌细胞和对应正常胃黏膜组织中对MRE11基因编码区进行突变检测,并运用CGH方法对存在突变的胃癌细胞进行染色体分析。结果:在27例原发性胃癌中,4例存在MRE11基因共4个体细胞水平的错义突变,其中3例为肠型胃癌。CGH显示该4例胃癌均存在5个以上基因组片断的获得或丢失事件。结论:MRE11基因突变可能在某些原发性胃癌的发生发展中起着重要作用,尤其是显示染色体不稳定性的肠型胃癌。     

Evaluation of the debonding characteristics of 2 ceramic brackets: an in vitro study.

The objectives of this study were to evaluate and compare the shear bond strengths and bond failure locations of 2 currently available orthodontic ceramic brackets. Forty polycrystalline ceramic brackets (Clarity, 3M Unitek, Monrovia, Calif) and 40 monocrystalline ceramic brackets (Inspire, Ormco, Orange, Calif) were bonded to 80 extracted premolars with the same bonding system. All bonded specimens were placed in distilled water for 42 hours at 37 degrees C followed by thermal cycling for 700 complete cycles. Forty ceramic brackets, 20 of each type, were tested on a universal testing machine to determine the shear force levels required to debond them. Forty ceramic brackets were removed with the debonding pliers recommended by the manufacturers. All teeth were examined under an optical microscope, and the adhesive remnant index was used to assess the bond failure locations. The mean shear bond strength of the Clarity brackets was 21.67 +/- 5.19 MPa, and the mean shear bond strength of the Inspire brackets was 20.32 +/- 8 MPa. The mean shear bond strengths of both brackets were higher than those considered clinically optimal. Most of the brackets (85% of Clarity and 75% of Inspire) tested on the machine failed at the bracket-adhesive interface. One premolar bonded with an Inspire bracket had enamel fracture upon debonding. Most of the brackets (90% of Clarity and 95% of Inspire) debonded with pliers failed at the bracket-adhesive interface. No enamel damage was evident in any specimen when the brackets were removed with the appropriate pliers. The results indicate that the safest way to remove ceramic brackets with respect to reducing the chance of enamel damage is to use the debonding technique specifically designed for each.     

中切口切开法重睑成形术

目的介绍一种简便有效,恢复快的中切口重睑成形术.详细阐述该方法的手术要点,重睑成形术所遵循的原则等.方法术前灵活定位,局部麻醉下做长15 mm的小切口,去除切口内部分眼轮匝肌及睑板前脂肪,将上睑皮肤与睑板固定.结果采用中切口切开法重睑成形术180例,效果满意.结论中切口重睑成形术创伤小,恢复快,是一种简便有效的方法.术中应严格遵循无创操作,宁窄勿宽,对过度依赖额肌的患者,手术前后进行睁眼训练.     

血清泌乳素水平与帕金森病痴呆的相关性研究

目的探讨帕金森病痴呆（PDD）患者及帕金森病（PD）与血清泌乳素（PRL）的关系。方法测定30例在我院门诊体检中心进行体检的正常健康老人（正常对照组）,PD非痴呆患者（PD组）30例及帕金森病痴呆（PDD组）患者30例的血清PRL水平。并采用简明智能状况评价量表（MMSE）把PD患者分别划为痴呆组和非痴呆组。分别比较各组的血清PRL水平。结果PD非痴呆组者的血清PRL平均水平为6．49±67μg/L,低于正常对照组11．77±2．38μg/L；PDD组平均PRL水平为1．94±0．83μg/L,明显低于PD非痴呆组6．49±1．67μg/L。结论PDD患者的血清PRL水平是降低的。PDD患者的痴呆表现越重,血清PRL水平越低,二者呈高度相关。     

克罗恩病并发肠瘘的诊断与治疗

目的探讨克罗恩病(CD)并发肠瘘的诊断与治疗方法。方法对1978至2004年收治的62例CD并发肠瘘患者的临床资料进行分析。结果本组肠外瘘68例次,其中多发瘘6例次;肠内瘘8例次。肠瘘以末端回肠瘘(27例次)和回结肠吻合口瘘(21例次)为主。手术方式主要为回结肠吻合口拆除重建(26例次)和回盲部切除回结肠吻合(14例次)。首次肠瘘、术后服用免疫药物者复发率15.4%,明显低于未服药患者(34.8%);复发时间为(40±17)个月,明显长于不服药组的(8±3)个月;两组比较,P<0.01。结论CD合并的肠瘘以肠外瘘为主。主要手术方法为瘘口切除与肠吻合术。术后应用免疫抑制药物可降低CD合并肠瘘的复发率。     

慢性肾脏病非透析患者脑钠素与动脉粥样硬化及心功能的关系

目的 研究脑钠素（BNP）与慢性肾脏病（CKD）非透析患者动脉粥样硬化及心功能不全的关系。 方法 采用双抗夹心免疫荧光法检测203例CKD非透析患者与16例高血压患者对照组全血BNP水平，分析其与颈动脉超声结果、心脏彩超结果及既往心血管疾病史的关系。 结果 CKD非透析患者BNP水平与对照组相比显著升高[M（范围）：54.40(15.10～ 173.00) ng/L比9.35(7.35～15.00) ng/L，P < 0.01]。Spearman相关分析显示CKD患者BNP与颈动脉内膜中层厚度（IMT）、左室心肌重量指数（LVMI）等呈正相关。存在颈动脉斑块、左室肥厚或既往发生过心血管事件的患者血BNP水平显著增高。多元回归分析显示LVMI、既往心血管事件均是影响BNP水平的独立因素。 结论 CKD非透析患者BNP水平和动脉粥样硬化性疾病、左室肥厚及心功能不全相关，提示BNP水平可作为一项评价CKD非透析患者心功能及动脉粥样硬化的敏感生物学指标。     

应充分重视和保护透析患者残余肾功能

透析患者的最终目标是提高生活质量，延长生命时间。近年来的研究提示，无论是腹膜透析（PD）还是血液透析（HD）患者，残余肾功能（RRF）的存在是一个至关重要的影响因素。它不仅可改善透析患者的营养状态和生活质量，减少透析的时间，维持较好的血红蛋白水平，同时能降低患者病死率，是病死率强有力的预测因子。     

环氧氯丙烷处理对瓣膜组织结构及表面性状的影响

目的 通过研究环氧氯丙烷（ECH）处理对瓣膜组织结构及表面性状的影响，探究ECH处理生物瓣膜后防钙化的机制。方法 通过测定ECH处理瓣膜组织的抗酶消化能力、茚三酮值、热皱缩温度，以及血浆蛋白吸附实验、血小板黏附实验评价ECH处理瓣膜组织的表面性状。结果 经ECH处理后，抗酶消化能力增加，茚三酮值下降，热皱缩温度升高（P〈0．01），且对血浆蛋白和血小板的黏附减少，表面性状改善。结论 ECH处理能够增加瓣膜组织的交联，且改善瓣膜的表面性状，是ECH处理瓣膜组织防钙化、防衰坏的机制之一。